MOUNT(8) AerieBSD 1.0 Refernce Manual MOUNT(8)

NAME

mount — mount file systems

SYNOPSIS

mount [-Aadfruvw] [-t type] mount [-dfrsuvw] special| node mount [-dfruvw] [-o options] [-t type] specialnode

DESCRIPTION

The mount command invokes a file system specific program to prepare and graft the special device or remote node (rhost:path) on to the file system tree at the point node. If either special or node are not provided, the appropriate information is taken from the fstab(5) file.

For disk partitions, the special device must correspond to a partition registered in the disklabel(5).

The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems. If no arguments are given to mount, this list is printed.

A mount point node must be an existing directory for a mount to succeed ( except in the special case of /, of course ). Only the superuser may mount file systems unless kern.usermount is nonzero ( see sysctl(8) ), the special device is readable and writeable by the user attempting the mount, and the mount point node is owned by the user attempting the mount.

The options are as follows:
-A
Causes mount to try to mount all of the file systems listed in the fstab(5) table except those for which the “noauto” option is specified.
-a
Similar to the -A flag, except that if a file system (other than the root file system) appears to be already mounted, mount will not try to mount it again. mount assumes that a file system is already mounted if a file system with the same type is mounted on the given mount point. More stringent checks are not possible because some file system types report strange values for the mounted-from device for mounted file systems.
-d
Causes everything to be done except for the invocation of the file system specific program. This option is useful in conjunction with the -v flag to determine what the mount command is trying to do.
-f
Either force mounting of dirty file systems or, in the case of a downgrade from read-write to read-only operation, the revocation of opened files with write access.
-o options
Options can be given with (or without) a ‘no’ prefix to invert their meaning. The options listed below specify non-default values. For example, ‘nosoftdep’ is the default, so ‘softdep’ can be used to mount the file system using soft dependencies. Multiple options can be specified in a comma-separated list. The available options are as follows:
async
Metadata I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously. By default, only regular data is read/written asynchronously.

This is a dangerous flag to set since it does not guarantee to keep a consistent file system structure on the disk. You should not use this flag unless you are prepared to recreate the file system should your system crash. The most common use of this flag is to speed up restore(8) where it can give a factor of two speed increase.

The options async and softdep are mutually exclusive.
force
The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a file system mount status from read-write to read-only.
noatime
Do not update atime on files in the system unless the mtime or ctime is being changed as well. This option is useful for laptops and news servers where one does not want the extra disk activity associated with updating the atime.
noauto
Do not mount the file system automatically (either at boot or with the -A or -a options).
noaccesstime
Synonym for noatime provided for compatibility with other operating systems.
nodev
Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file system. This option is useful for a server that has file systems containing special devices for architectures other than its own.
noexec
Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system. This option is useful for a server that has file systems containing binaries for architectures other than its own.
nosuid
Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take effect.
rdonly
The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the superuser may not write it).
softdep
(FFS only.) Mount the file system using soft dependencies. Instead of metadata being written immediately, it is written in an ordered fashion to keep the on-disk state of the file system consistent. This results in significant speedups for file create/delete operations. This option is ignored when using the -u flag and a file system is already mounted read/write.

The options async and softdep are mutually exclusive.
sync
Regular data I/O to the file system should be done synchronously. By default, only metadata is read/written synchronously.

update
The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed.

Any additional options specific to a given file system type (see the -t option) may be passed as a comma separated list; these options are distinguished by a leading “\&-” (dash). Options that take a value are specified using the syntax -option=value. For example, the mount command: 

# mount -t mfs -o nosuid,-s=4000 /dev/sd0b /tmp

causes mount to execute the equivalent of: 

# /sbin/mount_mfs -o nosuid -s 4000 /dev/sd0b /tmp

-r
The file system is to be mounted read-only. Mount the file system read-only (even the superuser may not write it). The same as the “rdonly” argument to the -o option.
-s
Skip mounting the file system if it is already mounted. See the -a flag for a description of the criteria used to decide if a file system is already mounted.
-t type
The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system type. The type ffs is the default. The -t option can be used to indicate that the actions should only be taken on file systems of the specified type. More than one type may be specified in a comma separated list. The list of file system types can be prefixed with “no” to specify the file system types for which action should not be taken. For example, the mount command: 

# mount -a -t nonfs,mfs

mounts all file systems except those of type NFS and MFS.

mount will attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_ where XXX is replaced by the type name. For example, NFS file systems are mounted by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.
-u
The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed. Any of the options discussed above (the -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed from read-only to read-write or vice versa. An attempt to change from read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the file system are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is also specified. Only options specified on the command line with -o are changed; other file system options are unaltered. The options set in the fstab(5) table are ignored.
-v
Verbose mode.
-w
The file system object is to be read and write.

The options specific to the various file system types are described in the manual pages for those file systems' mount_XXX commands. For instance, the options specific to Berkeley Fast File Systems are described in the mount_ffs(8) manual page.

FILES

/etc/fstab
file system table

EXAMPLES

Mount a CD-ROM on node /mnt/cdrom:

     # mount -t cd9660 -r /dev/cd0a /mnt/cdrom

Mount an MS-DOS floppy on node /mnt/floppy:

     # mount -t msdos /dev/fd0a /mnt/floppy

Graft a remote NFS file system on host host, path /path/name, on node /mnt/nfs:

     # mount host:/path/name /mnt/nfs

Remount /var with option “dev”:

     # mount -u -o dev /var

SEE ALSO

mount(2), fstab(5), disklabel(8), mount_cd9660(8), mount_ext2fs(8), mount_ffs(8), mount_mfs(8), mount_msdos(8), mount_nfs(8), mount_ntfs(8), mount_portal(8), mount_procfs(8), mount_udf(8), mount_vnd(8), mount_xfs(8), sysctl(8), umount(8)

HISTORY

A mount command appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX.

CAVEATS

After a successful mount, the permissions on the original mount point determine if “\&.\&.” is accessible from the mounted file system. The minimum permissions for the mount point for traversal across the mount point in both directions to be possible for all users is 0111 (execute for all).

AerieBSD 1.0 Reference Manual August 26 2008 MOUNT(8)